VT100 Series Video Terminal Technical Manual

Part	Date	Title
EK-VT100-TM-001	1979-08	VT100 Series Technical Manual
EK-VT100-TM-002	1980-09	VT100 Series Technical Manual
EK-VT100-TM-003	1982-07	VT100 Series Video Terminal Technical Manual

Table of Contents (from EK-VT100-TM-003)

Chapter 1 Introduction and Specifications
- VT100 Specifications
- Ordering Documentation
  - Related Documentation
Chapter 2 Operator Information
- Part 1 Keyboard Controls and Indicators
  - Numeric Keypad
  - Monitor Control
  - Audible Indicators (Tones)
- Part 2 SET-UP Mode
  - SET-UP Features
  - SET-UP A
  - SET-UP B
  - Determining What a SET-UP Feature Does
  - How to Change a SET-UP Feature
  - Setting the Answerback Message
  - Saving SET-UP Features
  - Recalling SET-UP Features
  - Resetting the Terminal
- Part 3 Definitions of SET-UP Features
  - ANSI/VT52 Mode
  - Answerback Message
  - Auto Repeat
  - Auto XON/XOFF
  - Bits per Character
  - Characters per Line
  - Cursor
  - Interlace
  - Keyclick Tone
  - LINE/LOCAL
  - Margin Bell
  - New Line
  - Parity
  - Parity Sense
  - Power
  - Receive Speed
  - Screen Background
  - Screen Brightness
  - Scroll
  - Tabs
  - Transmit Speed
  - Wraparound
- Part 4 Self-Testing the VT100
  - Self-Test Error Codes
- Part 5 What To Do in the Event of a Problem
Chapter 3 Installation and Interface Information
- Site Considerations
- Unpacking and Installation
- User Maintenance
- Interface Information
  - EIA Interface
  - Electrical Characteristics
    - VT100 Output Voltages
    - VT100 Input Voltages
    - Optional 20 mA Current Loop Interface
  - External Video Connections
  - Composite Video Output (J9)
  - Video Input (J8)
Chapter 4 Technical Description
- 4.1 Introduction to VT100 Technical Description
  - 4.1.1 Scope of Chapter
  - 4.1.2 Order of Presentation
  - 4.1.3 Definition of Terms and Abbreviations
  - 4.1.4 Hardware Introduction
  - 4.1.5 Block Diagram Description
    - 4.1.5.1 Microprocessor
    - 4.1.5.2 Program ROM
    - 4.1.5.3 Scratch RAM
    - 4.1.5.4 Nonvolatile RAM
    - 4.1.5.5 Advanced Video Option
    - 4.1.5.6 Keyboard
    - 4.1.5.7 LEDs
    - 4.1.5.8 Keyboard Translator
    - 4.1.5.9 Transmit Buffer
    - 4.1.5.10 Communication Transmitter
    - 4.1.5.11 Communication Receiver
    - 4.1.5.12 SILO
    - 4.1.5.13 Control Function Parser
    - 4.1.5.14 Screen RAM
    - 4.1.5.15 Video Processor
    - 4.1.5.16 CRT Monitor
    - 4.1.5.17 Power Supply
    - 4.1.5.18 Standard Terminal Port
    - 4.1.5.19 EIA Interface
    - 4.1.5.20 Current Loop Interface Adapter
  - 4.1.6 Firmware Introduction
- 4.2 Microprocessor
  - 4.2.1 8080 Microprocessor
  - 4.2.2 Data Bus and System Controller
  - 4.2.3 Clock Generator
  - 4.2.4 Bus Timing
  - 4.2.5 Microprocessor Memory
    - 4.2.5.1 Memory Map
    - 4.2.5.2 Memory Devices
    - 4.2.5.3 ROM Decoding
    - 4.2.5.4 RAM Decoding
    - 4.2.5.5 Memory Disable
  - 4.2.6 I/O Decoding
    - 4.2.6.1 PUSART Read and Write
    - 4.2.6.2 I/O Read and Write
  - 4.2.7 Interrupt Vector
  - 4.2.8 Power-Up and Self-Test
- 4.3 Communication Transceiver
  - 4.3.1 PUSART Principles
  - 4.3.2 PUSART Operation
  - 4.3.3 PUSART Addressing
  - 4.3.4 PUSART Programming
  - 4.3.5 Data Transmission
  - 4.3.6 Data Reception
  - 4.3.7 Baud Rate Generator
  - 4.3.8 Serial Interface
  - 4.3.9 Modem Control
  - 4.3.10 Data Types
  - 4.3.11 SILO
  - 4.3.12 XON/XOFF
  - 4.3.13 Control Function Parser
  - 4.3.14 Local
  - 4.3.15 Standard Terminal Port
  - 4.3.16 Communication Self-Test
- 4.4 Keyboard
  - 4.4.1 Keyboard Block Diagram
  - 4.4.2 Keyboard UARTs
  - 4.4.3 Keyboard Status Byte
  - 4.4.4 Key Address Counter
  - 4.4.5 Key Scanning and Address Formation
  - 4.4.6 Bidirectional Interface Operation
    - 4.4.6.1 Interface Line
    - 4.4.6.2 Receiving Side
    - 4.4.6.3 Terminal Data Encoding
    - 4.4.6.4 Combined Interface Signal
    - 4.4.6.5 Decoding of Data from Terminal
    - 4.4.6.6 Keyboard Output
  - 4.4.7 Bell
  - 4.4.8 Keyboard Interrupt Routine
  - 4.4.9 Logical Keyboard Processor
    - 4.4.9.1 Key Recognition
    - 4.4.9.2 Key Rollover
    - 4.4.9.3 Generation of Codes
    - 4.4.9.4 Keyboard Transmit Buffer
    - 4.4.9.5 Auto Repeat
- 4.5 Nonvolatile RAM
  - 4.5.1 Principles
  - 4.5.2 NVR Device
  - 4.5.3 NVR Control
  - 4.5.4 NVR Support Circuits
  - 4.5.5 Microprocessor Management
  - 4.5.6 NVR Timing
- 4.6 Video Processor
  - 4.6.1 Introduction
    - 4.6.1.1 The Raster
    - 4.6.1.2 Character Formation
    - 4.6.1.3 Video Processor Data
    - 4.6.1.4 Video Processor Character Generation
    - 4.6.1.5 Attributes
    - 4.6.1.6 Advanced Video Option (AVO)
  - 4.6.2 Timing Chip Description
    - 4.6.2.1 Input Decoder
    - 4.6.2.2 80/132 Column Selection
    - 4.6.2.3 Dot Counter
    - 4.6.2.4 Double-Width Multiplexer
    - 4.6.2.5 Horizontal Counter
    - 4.6.2.6 Horizontal Drive and Horizontal Blank
    - 4.6.2.7 Line Buffer Addressing
    - 4.6.2.8 Vertical Operation
    - 4.6.2.9 Vertical Counter
    - 4.6.2.10 Vertical Outputs
    - 4.6.2.11 Composite Sync
    - 4.6.2.12 Hold Request, Address Load, and Double-Width
    - 4.6.3 Control Chip Description
    - 4.6.3.1 Input Decoder Functions
    - 4.6.3.2 Attribute Latches
    - 4.6.3.3 Scroll Counter
    - 4.6.3.4 Scan Count Math
    - 4.6.3.5 Generation of HOLD REQUEST
    - 4.6.3.6 Horizontal Blank and Terminate
    - 4.6.3.7 Double-Width and Hold Request
    - 4.6.3.8 Attributes
    - 4.6.3.9 Dot Stretcher
  - 4.6.4 Address Counter and Data Structure in RAM
  - 4.6.5 Address Latch Buffer
  - 4.6.6 Line Buffer
  - 4.6.7 Character Generator
  - 4.6.8 Video Shift Register
  - 4.6.9 Terminator
  - 4.6.10 DMA Cycle Timing Diagram
  - 4.6.11 Video Blanking
  - 4.6.12 Video Input and Output
    - 4.6.12.1 Direct Drive Video
    - 4.6.12.2 Composite Video Out
    - 4.6.12.3 Video In
  - 4.6.13 Intensity Control
- 4.7 Microprocessor - Video Processor Interface
  - 4.7.1 Screen Memory Organization
  - 4.7.2 Fill Line Operation
  - 4.7.3 Line Organization
    - 4.7.3.1 Physical Screen
    - 4.7.3.2 Logical Screen
  - 4.7.4 Address Shuffling
  - 4.7.5 Shuffle Timing
  - 4.7.6 Scrolling Region
  - 4.7.7 Split Screen Jump Scrolling
  - 4.7.8 Smooth Scroll
  - 4.7.9 Split Screen Smooth Scrolling
  - 4.7.10 Cursor
  - 4.7.11 SET-UP
- 4.8 Monitor
  - 4.8.1 Monitor Description: 30-16080 (Elston)
    - 4.8.1.1 Video Driver
    - 4.8.1.2 Brightness
    - 4.8.1.3 Vertical Oscillator
    - 4.8.1.4 Self-Oscillation
    - 4.8.1.5 Vertical Output
    - 4.8.1.6 Linearization
    - 4.8.1.7 Horizontal Driver
    - 4.8.1.8 Horizontal Deflection Operation
    - 4.8.1.9 Horizontal Output Circuit
    - 4.8.1.10 High Voltage and Focus
  - 4.8.2 Monitor Description: 30-14590 (Ball)
    - 4.8.2.1 Video Amplifier
    - 4.8.2.2 Vertical Deflection
    - 4.8.2.3 Horizontal Deflection
- 4.9 Power Supply
  - 4.9.1 Power Input
  - 4.9.2 Start-Up Circuit
  - 4.9.3 Control Circuit
  - 4.9.4 Outputs
  - 4.9.5 Power Supply Specifications
    - 4.9.5.1 Input Specifications
    - 4.9.5.2 Cooling
    - 4.9.5.3 Base Product Power Requirements
Chapter 5 VT100 Series Service
- 5.1 Introduction
- 5.2 Troubleshooting
  - 5.2.1 Troubleshooting the Basic VT100
  - 5.2.2 Troubleshooting Basic VT100 Variations Without Self-Test
  - 5.2.3 Troubleshooting the VT105
  - 5.2.4 Troubleshooting the VT132
  - 5.2.5 Troubleshooting the VT125
  - 5.2.5.1 VT125 Self-Test Error Codes
  - 5.2.6 Troubleshooting the Options
  - 5.2.7 VT100 Internal Self-Tests
    - 5.2.7.1 Error Codes
    - 5.2.7.2 Power-Up Test
    - 5.2.7.3 Data Loopback Test
    - 5.2.7.4 EIA Test
    - 5.2.7.5 Keyboard Tests
    - 5.2.7.6 SET-UP Screen Test
    - 5.2.7.7 Video Adjust Test
  - 5.2.8 VT125 Tests
    - 5.2.8.1 Loopback Connector Installation
    - 5.2.8.2 VT125 Power-Up Test
    - 5.2.8.3 VT125 Computer Data Port Loopback Test
    - 5.2.8.4 VT125 Auxiliary Port Loopback Test
    - 5.2.8.5 VT125 Display Test
    - 5.2.8.6 VT125 Video Bit Map Memory Test
- 5.3 Video Alignment
  - 5.3.1 Alignment Template
    - 5.3.1.1 Making a Paper Template
    - 5.3.1.2 Attaching the Template
  - 5.3.2 Monitor Adjustments (Ball Brothers)
    - 5.3.2.1 Brightness
    - 5.3.2.2 Yoke Rotation
    - 5.3.2.3 Vertical Height
    - 5.3.2.4 Horizontal Width
    - 5.3.2.5 Centering
    - 5.3.2.6 Vertical Linearity
    - 5.3.2.7 Horizontal Linearity
    - 5.3.2.8 Vertical Hold
    - 5.3.2.9 Focus
  - 5.3.3 Monitor Adjustments (Elston and DIGITAL)
    - 5.3.3.1 Brightness
    - 5.3.3.2 Yoke Rotation
    - 5.3.3.3 Vertical Height
    - 5.3.3.4 Horizontal Width
    - 5.3.3.5 Centering
    - 5.3.3.6 Vertical Linearity
    - 5.3.3.7 Focus
- 5.4 Module Removal and Replacement
  - 5.4.1 Access Cover
  - 5.4.2 Terminal Controller Board
  - 5.4.3 Advanced Video Option Board
  - 5.4.4 ROMs
  - 5.4.5 Printer Port/VT125 STP Board
  - 5.4.6 VT105 Waveform Generator Board
  - 5.4.7 VT125 Graphics Board
  - 5.4.8 20 mA Current Loop Board
  - 5.4.9 Keyboard Top Cover
  - 5.4.10 Keyboard
  - 5.4.11 Keyboard Cable
  - 5.4.12 Keyboard Speaker
  - 5.4.13 Keycap
  - 5.4.14 Top Cover
  - 5.4.15 Video Monitor Board (Ball Monitor)
  - 5.4.16 Flyback Transformer (Ball Monitor)
  - 5.4.17 Video Monitor Board (Elston or DIGITAL)
  - 5.4.18 Flyback Transformer (Elston or DIGITAL)
  - 5.4.19 Bottom Cover
  - 5.4.20 Power Supply
  - 5.4.21 RF Shield
  - 5.4.22 DC Power Harness
  - 5.4.23 VT105/VT125 Expansion Backplane
  - 5.4.24 CRT and Yoke Assembly
  - 5.4.25 CRT Discharge and Anode Cap
  - 5.4.26 Field Handling of CRTs
- 5.5 Board Configurations
  - 5.5.1 Terminal Controller Board
  - 5.5.2 Advanced Video Option Board with Jumpers
  - 5.5.3 Advanced Video Option Board with Switches
  - 5.5.4 VT1XX-AC Printer Port Option
  - 5.5.5 VT105 Waveform Generator Board
  - 5.5.6 VT125 Graphics Terminal STP Board
- 5.6 Component Level Troubleshooting
  - 5.6.1 Troubleshooting the Terminal Controller
    - 5.6.1.1 Microprocessor
    - 5.6.1.2 Video Processor
    - 5.6.1.3 Communications
    - 5.6.1.4 Nonvolatile RAM
  - 5.6.2 Troubleshooting the Keyboard
  - 5.6.3 Troubleshooting the Power Supply
  - 5.6.4 Troubleshooting the CRT Monitor
  - 5.6.5 Troubleshooting the Options
Chapter 6 Options
- 6.1 SET-UP Procedures
  - 6.1.1 SET-UP A
  - 6.1.2 SET-UP B
  - 6.1.3 SET-UP C
- 6.2 Advanced Video Option
  - 6.2.1 Advanced Video Option Installation
  - 6.2.2 Advanced Video Option Checkout
  - 6.2.3 Program Memory Expansion
  - 6.2.4 Alternate Character Set
    - 6.2.4.1 Alternate ROM Description
    - 6.2.4.2 Character ROM Programming Instructions
  - 6.2.5 AVO Technical Description
    - 6.2.5.1 Extended Character and Attribute Memory
    - 6.2.5.2 Character Attribute Latches
    - 6.2.5.3 Program ROM Decoding
  - 6.2.6 Troubleshooting the AVO
- 6.3 20 mA Current Loop Adapter
  - 6.3.1 20 mA Current Loop Option Installation
  - 6.3.2 Configurations
  - 6.3.3 20 mA Current Loop Option Checkout
  - 6.3.4 Current Loop Principles
  - 6.3.4.1 Current Loop Adapter Description
  - 6.3.5 Interface Signals
  - 6.3.6 Interface Specifications
  - 6.3.7 Troubleshooting the Current Loop Adapter
- 6.4 VT105 Graphics Processor
  - 6.4.1 Enabling Graphic Information
    - 6.4.1.1 Writing Data to the Waveform Generator
    - 6.4.1.2 Reading Data from the Waveform Generator
    - 6.4.1.3 Decoding the Input
    - 6.4.1.4 Selecting Mode of Operation
    - 6.4.1.5 Decoding Field Selection
    - 6.4.1.6 Phase-Lock-Loop Timing
    - 6.4.1.7 Establishing Desired Display
    - 6.4.1.8 Loading X-Address Information
    - 6.4.1.9 Loading Graph Memories
    - 6.4.1.10 Generating Baselines (Shade Lines)
    - 6.4.1.11 Enabling a Histogram (Shading a Graph)
    - 6.4.1.12 Loading Vertical Lines
    - 6.4.1.13 Adding Graph Marker
    - 6.4.1.14 Generating Horizontal Lines
    - 6.4.1.15 Generating Strip Charts
    - 6.4.1.16 Combining Video Out and Timing
  - 6.4.2 VT105 Graphic Test Procedure
    - 6.4.2.1 Test Set-Up
    - 6.4.2.2 Test Graph 0, Histogram 0, and Graph 0 Markers
    - 6.4.2.3 Test Graph 1, Histogram 1, and Graph 1 Markers
    - 6.4.2.4 Test the Horizontal Lines
    - 6.4.2.5 Test the Vertical Lines
    - 6.4.2.6 Test Shade Line 0 (Baseline 0)
    - 6.4.2.7 Test Shade Line 1 (Baseline 1)
    - 6.4.2.8 Test Strip Chart 0
    - 6.4.2.9 Test Strip Chart 1
    - 6.4.2.10 Exit the Graphic Test Mode
- 6.5 VT1XX-AC Printer Option
  - 6.5.1 Option Installation
  - 6.5.2 Printer Port Option Checkout Procedure
    - 6.5.2.1 Power-Up Test
    - 6.5.2.2 Printer Interface Data Loopback Test
- 6.6 VT1XX-CB, -CL Kit
  - 6.6.1 Installation
  - 6.6.2 Graphics Option Checkout Procedure
- 6.7 VT125 Graphics Processor Technical Description
  - 6.7.1 Block Diagram Description
  - 6.7.2 Microprocessor and Memory
    - 6.7.2.1 Memory, I/O, and Bus Operation
    - 6.7.2.2 Refresh Control
    - 6.7.2.3 DRAM Control Timing Sequencer Details
    - 6.7.2.4 The Microprocessor DRAM Memory Cycle
  - 6.7.3 Timing
    - 6.7.3.1 Clocks
    - 6.7.3.2 Horizontal and Vertical Counters
    - 6.7.3.3 Offsets
    - 6.7.3.4 Scaling
    - 6.7.3.5 State Sequencer
    - 6.7.3.6 Blanking and Clock Synchronization
  - 6.7.4 Vector Generator
    - 6.7.4.1 Circuit
    - 6.7.4.2 Vector Generator Timing
    - 6.7.4.3 Drawing Vectors
    - 6.7.4.4 Vector Calculation Timing
  - 6.7.5 Bit Map Write Control
    - 6.7.5.1 Block Diagram
    - 6.7.5.2 Character Writing
  - 6.7.6 Bit Map Memory
  - 6.7.7 Output Map
  - 6.7.8 Output Latches and DAC Converters
  - 6.7.9 STP Board
    - 6.7.9.1 UARTs
  - 6.7.10 Firmware
    - 6.7.10.1 Memory and I/O Addresses
    - 6.7.10.2 Self-Test Processes
    - 6.7.10.3 Graphics Protocols
    - 6.7.10.4 Communication Protocols
- 6.8 VT125 Testing and Troubleshooting
  - 6.8.1 Preparing for Self-Tests
  - 6.8.2 Error Reporting
    - 6.8.2.1 VT100 Errors
    - 6.8.2.2 VT125 Errors
Chapter 7 Standard Terminal Port
- 7.1 Introduction
- 7.2 Definitions
- 7.3 Overview
- 7.4 Functional Specification
  - 7.4.1 Interface Signal Lines
  - 7.4.2 Protocol Specifications
    - 7.4.2.1 Terminal Operation With No Option Present
    - 7.4.2.2 Standard Set-Up for Local Link
    - 7.4.2.3 Control Sequences for Terminal Parameters
    - 7.4.2.4 Initialization
    - 7.4.2.5 BREAK
- 7.5 Electrical Specifications
  - 7.5.1 Signal Lines
    - 7.5.1.1 Signal Levels
    - 7.5.1.2 Signal Timing
  - 7.5.2 Power Supply Lines
  - 7.5.3 Connector Pinout
- 7.6 Mechanical Specifications
  - 7.6.1 Shorting Connector
  - 7.6.2 STP Connector Card
- 7.7 Guidelines for the Designer
  - 7.7.1 Use With Receive Only Device
    - 7.7.1.1 Single UART Method
    - 7.7.1.2 Two UART Method
  - 7.7.2 Use With Passive Device
  - 7.7.3 Use With Active Device
    - 7.7.3.1 Terminal Processor as Standalone CPU
    - 7.7.3.2 Terminal Processor Augmenting Basic Terminal Operation
  - 7.7.4 Use With Communications Option
  - 7.7.5 Use With An External Processor
  - 7.7.6 Use With More Than One Option
Chapter 8 Graphics Connector
- 8.1 Introduction
- 8.2 Hardcopy Enable
Appendix A Programming Information
Appendix B Recommended Spares List (RSL)
Appendix C Glossary of Terms and Abbreviations
Appendix D ANSI Code Extension Techniques

Company:	Digital Equipment Corporation
Part:	EK-VT100-TM
Keywords:
Description:	The difference between version -002 and -003 is mostly documentation of the VT125 graphics terminal.
Cited by:	EB-28761-56, Terminals & Printers Handbook 1987

Address:	http://wwcm.synology.me/pdf/EK-VT100-TM-003 VT100 Series Video Terminal Technical Manual.pdf
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Address:	http://bitsavers.org/pdf/dec/terminal/vt100/EK-VT100-TM-003_VT100_Technical_Manual_Jul82.pdf
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Address:	https://vt100.net/dec/ek-vt100-tm-002.pdf
Site:	VT100.net
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Address:	http://wwcm.synology.me/pdf/EK-VT100-TM-002 VT100 Series Technical Manual.pdf
Site:	Wilber Williams' Computer Museum
Format:	PDF
Size:	26270204 bytes (25.1 MiB)

Address:	http://bitsavers.org/pdf/dec/terminal/vt100/EK-VT100-TM-002_VT100_Series_Technical_Manual_2ed_198009.pdf
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VT100 Series Video Terminal Technical Manual

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