Although VT100 must be the most widely recognised terminal name in the world,
Digital’s involvement in video terminals didn’t start or end there. Here is a brief
trip through 25 years of innovation. Later terminals can emulate earlier ones, back
to the VT52.
These descriptions are too brief in places, mainly because I only have access to
a few of these terminals. If anyone can flesh out any facts here or knows of any
other terminals, please contact me.
VT05
The VT05 was the first video
terminal manufactured by Digital, introduced
in 1970. This was not much more than a video teletype, receiving and transmitting at rates up to 300 baud. It displayed
uppercase ASCII characters on 20 rows by 72 columns. It had a very simple set of cursor controls, supporting direct cursor
addressing, home, erase line and erase screen. The character display could be superimposed on a video display from another
source, such as CCTV or a video player. This photo
makes it appear more compact than it actually is; you need a deep desk to hold its 19" by 30" footprint.
VT52
Introduced in September 1975. This terminal
was controlled by a proprietary set of escape codes, before ANSI X3.64 standardised them.
The VT52 was the last terminal on which you could balance all your computer manuals, sandwiches and coffee; all later
terminals had sloped tops to discourage people from blocking vents. There was an optional electrolytic (“wet”) copier which fitted inside
the case, and an optional printer board.
The VT50 was an uppercase-only subset of the VT52 with only 12 lines.
The VT55 has a primitive graphics capability, somewhat misleadingly referred to as “waveform graphics”. It allows the drawing
of primitive line or bar graphs. The VT62 has inverse video mode.
VT100
Digital’s first
ANSI-compliant terminal, introduced in August 1978. The VT100 was more of an architecture than a simple terminal. There are two
display formats: 80 columns by 24 lines and 132 columns by 14 lines. A separate advanced video option was required to display 24
lines in 132-column mode; this was standard on the VT102 and VT131.
VT101 & VT102
Cost reduced, unexpandable VT100s. The VT102 has the advanced video option; the VT101 doesn’t.
VT105
VT100 with the same graphics capability as the VT55.
VT110
VT100 with a terminal multiplexer in the box.
VT125
Introduced in July 1981. Graphics produced as a separate display from the text.
VT131 & VT132
VT100s with block mode capability.
The VT103 is not really a terminal; it is a computer with an LSI-11/23 in a VT100 box.
Introduced in 1983. There is no VT200 as such; the
VT220 is a text terminal, while the VT240 and VT241 are
graphics terminals, supporting Digital’s ReGIS graphics and Tektronix vector graphics. The VT240 and VT241 have the same system box;
only the monitors are different, the VT240 is
black and white and the VT241 is colour. This was the first series to introduce 8-bit communications. They also supported Digital’s
Multinational Character Set.
Firsts: 8-bit characters, multinational character set, user-definable keys, downloadable soft font. Lasts: 20mA port (a dying teletype standard).
VT300 Series
Introduced in 1987.
The VT320 text terminal added to the VT220’s multinational capability by supporting ISO Latin-1. The graphics
terminals in this series are the VT330 (monochrome), VT340 and VT340+ (both colour), but they may have been introduced later, because
they have some features which make them more like the VT420. The VT340+ has a larger palette available than the VT340.
Firsts: ISO Latin-1, full terminal state reports, 25th status line, Slot-in ROM card (on VT330 and VT340).
VT420
Introduced in 1990. This terminal solved perhaps the biggest usability problem I had with all earlier terminals, by allowing me to fit up to 50 lines
on the screen. It also supported two sessions,
either one through each communication port, or by multiplexing two sessions on one line with a suitable terminal server. From a
software point of view, it allowed the creation of
windows on the screen by supporting rectangle operations and left and right margins for the first time. It felt more flimsy though:
I preferred the earlier LK201 keyboard to the LK401
which came with this terminal, and the power switch felt like it would snap off every time I touched it.
VT500 Series
This series was launched in September 1993 with the VT510,
a single-session monochrome text terminal and rounded-out in August 1994 by the VT520, a multi-session monochrome text terminal,
and VT525, a multi-session colour text terminal. The VT500 Series terminals are no longer available,
having stopped production around about 2016. As well as emulating
earlier VTs, these also emulate other popular ASCII terminals, such as Wyse and TeleVideo.
In February 1995, Digital announced the VT LAN40, a colour windowing network terminal. This device was a diskless PC, containing Windows 3.1 in ROM, and supporting
up to eight terminal sessions over LAT, DECnet, TCP/IP or serial line, using TD/SMP. The system box and mouse had a suggested list price of $890. It connected to standard PC keyboards and monitors.
End of the line
On 30 August 1995, Digital announced the sale of their text terminals business to SunRiver Data Systems, who
changed their name to Boundless Technologies in August 1996.
Picture credits: The photos of the VT05, VT52 and VT100
come from the DIGITAL Computing Timeline. The VT220
and VT320 are from my collection. The photo of the VT510 is from Boundless’ Text Terminals page.
The VT05 was the first video
terminal manufactured by Digital, introduced
in 1970. This was not much more than a video teletype, receiving and transmitting at rates up to 300 baud. It displayed
uppercase ASCII characters on 20 rows by 72 columns. It had a very simple set of cursor controls, supporting direct cursor
addressing, home, erase line and erase screen. The character display could be superimposed on a video display from another
source, such as CCTV or a video player. This photo
makes it appear more compact than it actually is; you need a deep desk to hold its 19" by 30" footprint.
Introduced in September 1975. This terminal
was controlled by a proprietary set of escape codes, before ANSI X3.64 standardised them.
The VT52 was the last terminal on which you could balance all your computer manuals, sandwiches and coffee; all later
terminals had sloped tops to discourage people from blocking vents. There was an optional electrolytic (“wet”) copier which fitted inside
the case, and an optional printer board.
Digital’s first
ANSI-compliant terminal, introduced in August 1978. The VT100 was more of an architecture than a simple terminal. There are two
display formats: 80 columns by 24 lines and 132 columns by 14 lines. A separate advanced video option was required to display 24
lines in 132-column mode; this was standard on the VT102 and VT131.
Introduced in 1983. There is no VT200 as such; the
VT220 is a text terminal, while the VT240 and VT241 are
graphics terminals, supporting Digital’s ReGIS graphics and Tektronix vector graphics. The VT240 and VT241 have the same system box;
only the monitors are different, the VT240 is
black and white and the VT241 is colour. This was the first series to introduce 8-bit communications. They also supported Digital’s
Multinational Character Set.
Introduced in 1987.
The VT320 text terminal added to the VT220’s multinational capability by supporting ISO Latin-1. The graphics
terminals in this series are the VT330 (monochrome), VT340 and VT340+ (both colour), but they may have been introduced later, because
they have some features which make them more like the VT420. The VT340+ has a larger palette available than the VT340.
This series was launched in September 1993 with the VT510,
a single-session monochrome text terminal and rounded-out in August 1994 by the VT520, a multi-session monochrome text terminal,
and VT525, a multi-session colour text terminal. The VT500 Series terminals are no longer available,
having stopped production around about 2016. As well as emulating
earlier VTs, these also emulate other popular ASCII terminals, such as Wyse and TeleVideo.