PDP-11 MACRO-11 Language Reference Manual

Company:	Digital Equipment Corporation
Part:	AA-5075A-TC
Date:	1977-08

Preface
- 0.1 Manual Objectives and Reader Assumptions
- 0.2 Structure of the Document
- 0.3 Associated Documents
- 0.4 Document Conventions
Part I Introduction to MACRO-11
Chapter 1 MACRO-11 Features
- 1.1 Overview of MACRO-11
  - 1.1.1 Assembly Pass 1
  - 1.1.2 Assembly Pass 2
Chapter 2 Source Program Format
- 2.1 Programming Standards and Conventions
- 2.2 Statement Format
  - 2.2.1 Label Field
  - 2.2.2 Operator Field
  - 2.2.3 Operand Field
  - 2.2.4 Comment Field
- 2.3 Format Control
Part II Programming in MACRO-11 Assembly Language
Chapter 3 Symbols and Expressions
- 3.1 Character Set
  - 3.1.1 Separating and Delimiting Characters
  - 3.1.2 Illegal Characters
  - 3.1.3 Unary and Binary Operators
- 3.2 MACRO-11 Symbols
  - 3.2.1 Permanent Symbols
  - 3.2.2 User-Defined and Macro Symbols
- 3.3 Direct Assignment Statements
- 3.4 Register Symbols
- 3.5 Local Symbols
- 3.6 Current Location Counter
- 3.7 Numbers
- 3.8 Terms
- 3.9 Expressions
Chapter 4 Relocation and Linking
Chapter 5 Addressing Modes
- 5.1 Register Mode
- 5.2 Register Deferred Mode
- 5.3 Autoincrement Mode
- 5.4 Autoincrement Deferred Mode
- 5.5 Autodecrement Mode
- 5.6 Autodecrement Deferred Mode
- 5.7 Index Mode
- 5.8 Index Deferred Mode
- 5.9 Immediate Mode
- 5.10 Absolute Mode
- 5.11 Relative Mode
- 5.12 Relative Deferred Mode
- 5.13 Summary of Addressing Forms
- 5.14 Branch Instruction Addressing
- 5.15 Using Trap Instructions
Part III MACRO-11 Directives
Chapter 6 General Assembler Directives
- 6.1 Listing Control Directives
  - 6.1.1 .LIST and .NLST Directives
  - 6.1.2 Page Headings
  - 6.1.3 .TITLE Directive
  - 6.1.4 .SBTTL Directive
  - 6.1.5 .IDENT Directive
  - 6.1.6 .PAGE Directive/Page Ejection
- 6.2 Function Directives: .ENABL and .DSABL
- 6.3 Data Storage Directives
  - 6.3.1 .BYTE Directive
  - 6.3.2 .WORD Directive
  - 6.3.3 ASCII Conversion Characters
  - 6.3.4 .ASCII Directive
  - 6.3.5 .ASCIZ Directive
  - 6.3.6 .RAD50 Directive
  - 6.3.7 Temporary Radix-50 Control Operator: ^R
- 6.4 Radix and Numeric Control Facilities
  - 6.4.1 Radix Control and Unary Control Operators
    - 6.4.1.1 .RADIX Directive
    - 6.4.1.2 Temporary Radix Control Operators: ^D, ^O, and ^B
  - 6.4.2 Numeric Directives and Unary Control Operators
    - 6.4.2.1 .FLT2 and .FLT4 - Floating-Point Storage Directives
    - 6.4.2.2 Temporary Numeric Control Operators: ^C and ^F
- 6.5 Location Counter Control Directives
  - 6.5.1 .EVEN Directive
  - 6.5.2 .ODD Directive
  - 6.5.3 .BLKB and .BLKW Directives
- 6.6 Terminating Directives
  - 6.6.1 .END Directive
  - 6.6.2 .EOT Directive
- 6.7 Program Boundaries Directive: .LIMIT
- 6.8 Program Sectioning Directives
  - 6.8.1 .PSECT Directive
    - 6.8.1.1 Creating Program Sections
    - 6.8.1.2 Code or Data Sharing
    - 6.8.1.3 Memory Allocation Considerations
  - 6.8.2 .ASECT and .CSECT Directives
- 6.9 Symbol Control Directive: .GLOBL
- 6.10 Conditional Assembly Directives
  - 6.10.1 Conditional Assembly Block Directives: .IF, .ENDC
  - 6.10.2 Subconditional Assembly Block Directives: .IFF, .IFT, .IFTF
  - 6.10.3 Immediate Conditional Assembly Directive: .IIF
  - 6.10.4 PAL-11R Conditional Assembly Directives
Chapter 7 Macro Directives
- 7.1 Defining Macros
  - 7.1.1 .MACRO Directive
  - 7.1.2 .ENDM Directive
  - 7.1.3 .MEXIT Directive
  - 7.1.4 Macro Definition Formatting
- 7.2 Calling Macros
- 7.3 Arguments in Macro Definitions and Macro Calls
  - 7.3.1 Macro Nesting
  - 7.3.2 Special Characters in Macro Arguments
  - 7.3.3 Passing Numeric Arguments as Symbols
  - 7.3.4 Number of Arguments in Macro Calls
  - 7.3.5 Creating Local Symbols Automatically
  - 7.3.6 Keyword Arguments
  - 7.3.7 Concatenation of Macro Arguments
- 7.4 Macro Attribute Directives: .NARG, .NCHR, and .NTYPE
  - 7.4.1 .NARG Directive
  - 7.4.2 .NCHR Directive
  - 7.4.3 .NTYPE Directive
- 7.5 .ERROR and .PRINT Directives
- 7.6 Indefinite Repeat Block Directives: .IRP and .IRPC
  - 7.6.1 .IRP Directive
  - 7.6.2 .IRPC Directive
- 7.7 Repeat Block Directive: .REPT, .ENDR
- 7.8 Macro Library Directive: .MCALL
Appendix A MACRO-11 Character Sets
- A.1 ASCII Character Set
- A.2 Radix-50 Character Set
Appendix B MACRO-11 Assembly Language and Assembler Directives
- B.1 Special Characters
- B.2 Summary of Address Mode Syntax
- B.3 Assembler Directives
Appendix C Permanent Symbol Table (PST)
- C.1 Op Codes
- C.2 MACRO-11 Directives
Appendix D Diagnostic Error Message Summary
- D.1 MACRO-11 Error Codes
Appendix E Sample Coding Standard
- E.1 Introduction
- E.2 Line Format
- E.3 Comments
- E.4 Naming Standards
  - E.4.1 Register Standards
    - E.4.1.1 General Purpose Registers
    - E.4.1.2 Hardware Registers
    - E.4.1.3 Device Registers
  - E.4.2 Processor Priority
  - E.4.3 Other Symbols
  - E.4.4 Using the Standard Symbolics
  - E.4.5 Symbols
    - E.4.5.1 Global Symbols
    - E.4.5.2 Symbol Examples
    - E.4.5.3 Program-Local Symbols
    - E.4.5.4 Macro Names
- E.5 Program Modules
  - E.5.1 General Comments on Programs
  - E.5.2 The Module Preface
  - E.5.3 Formatting the Module Preface
  - E.5.4 Modularity
    - E.5.4.1 Calling Conventions (Inter-Module)
    - E.5.4.2 Exiting
    - E.5.4.3 Intra-Module Calling Conventions
    - E.5.4.4 Success/Failure Indication
    - E.5.4.5 Module Checking Routines
- E.6 Formatting Standards
  - E.6.1 Program Flow
  - E.6.2 Common Exits
  - E.6.3 Code with Interrupts Inhibited
- E.7 Program Source Files
- E.8 Forbidden Instruction Usage
- E.9 Recommended Coding Practice
  - E.9.1 Conditional Branches
- E.10 PDP-11 Version Number Standard
  - E.10.1 Displaying the Version Identifier
  - E.10.2 Use of the Version Number in the Program
Appendix F Allocating Virtual Memory
- F.1 General Hints and Space-Saving Guidelines
- F.2 Macro Definitions and Expansions
- F.3 Operational Techniques
Appendix G Writing Position Independent Code
- G.1 Introduction to Position Independent Code
- G.2 Examples
Appendix H Sample Assembly and Cross Reference Listing

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PDP-11 MACRO-11 Language Reference Manual

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